Kodeks javnih ugovora (D.Lgs. 36/2023)

Legislativni dekret br. 36 od 31. marta 2023. je kodeks javnih ugovora koji je sada na snazi u Italiji. Stupio je na snagu 1. aprila 2023., njegove odredbe su počele da važe 1. jula 2023., i istog tog datuma prethodni kodeks, D.Lgs. 50/2016, je ukinut. Deo kodeksa koji se odnosi na digitalizaciju stupio je na snagu tek 1. januara 2024., zbog čega se italijanska javna nabavka promenila dva puta u osamnaest meseci. Većina italijanskih uputstava koja i dalje kruže na mreži opisuje ukinuti kodeks iz 2016.

Šta je kodeks

The full title is Codice dei contratti pubblici in attuazione dell'articolo 1 della legge 21 giugno 2022, n. 78, recante delega al Governo in materia di contratti pubblici. It was published in Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 77 of 31 March 2023 (Supplemento Ordinario n. 12) under redaction code 23G00044.

It runs to 229 articles in five books:

  • Knjiga I — principi, digitalizacija životnog ciklusa ugovora, programiranje, projektovanje (čl. 1–47)
  • Knjiga II — ugovori, uključujući režim za ugovore ispod praga (čl. 48–140-bis)
  • Knjiga III — ugovori u posebnim (komunalnim) sektorima (čl. 141–173)
  • Knjiga IV — javno-privatno partnerstvo i koncesije (čl. 174–208)
  • Knjiga V — sporovi, ANAC i konačne i prelazne odredbe (čl. 209–229)

Attached to it is a set of annexes, numbered I.01 to V.3, which are operative law rather than commentary: Allegato I.1 carries the definitions, II.1 governs lists of operators and market surveys, II.2 the methods for calculating the anomaly threshold, II.4 the qualification of contracting authorities, II.12 the qualification system for works contractors. Article 226-bis, inserted in 2024, programmes the gradual replacement of several annexes by regulations, so check whether the annex you are reading is still the operative text.

Datumi koji su bitni

Article 229 sets two dates: the code entered into force with its annexes on 1 April 2023, and its provisions acquired efficacy on 1 July 2023.

Article 226(1) repeals D.Lgs. 50/2016 from 1 July 2023. Article 226(2) keeps the old code alive only for postupke u toku, and defines them precisely: procedures whose notice was published before that date; where there was no notice, procedures for which invitations to tender had already been sent; certain urbanisation works under agreements signed earlier; and accordo bonario, settlement and arbitration proceedings attached to those contracts. Article 226(5) reads every existing reference to D.Lgs. 50/2016 as a reference to the corresponding provision of the new code.

The digitalisation articles were deferred. Article 225(2) gave articles 19 to 31, 35, 36, 37(4), 99, 106(3), 115(5), 119(5) and 224(6) effect only from 1 January 2024, with the corresponding provisions of the old code surviving until 31 December 2023. Article 225(1) did the same for articles 27, 81, 83, 84 and 85 on publication: until the end of 2023 notices still ran through the Gazzetta Ufficiale.

Principi koji su promenili način primene diskrecije

Article 1 states the principio del risultato: authorities pursue the award and the performance of the contract with the greatest possible speed and the best quality-price ratio, within legality, transparency and competition. Article 2 states the principio della fiducia, and defines what counts as gross negligence for public officials — but also says that following prevailing case law or the opinions of the competent authorities is not gross negligence. Article 3 states the principle of market access. Article 4 makes articles 1 to 3 the interpretive and applicative criterion for the whole code.

Two provisions matter directly to a bidder. Article 5 recognises that an operator has a protected reliance on the lawful exercise of the power even before the award, and sets out when damages for breach of that reliance are due. Article 10 makes the exclusion grounds in articles 94 and 95 exhaustive: they integrate notices and invitations by operation of law, and any clause adding a further exclusion ground is void and treated as unwritten.

Šta preduzeti

First, establish which code governs the tender in front of you: the test is the publication date of the notice, or the date invitations were sent. A 2022 procedure still being executed is on the old rules.

Second, use the right article numbers when you write to a buyer or instruct a lawyer. The ones that recur are article 14 (EU thresholds and how the estimate is calculated), article 50 (below-threshold procedures), articles 94 and 95 (exclusion), article 100 (special requirements, including SOA attestation for works from €150,000), article 104 (avvalimento), article 108 (award criteria), article 119 (subcontracting) and article 220 (ANAC pre-litigation opinions).

Third, do not trust a threshold figure printed in the code text. Article 14(3) says the EU thresholds are periodically re-set by a Commission regulation published in the EU Official Journal; the figures in the printed code are those of 2023 and have since moved twice.

Related terms

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